Course 3 · Foundations

How an Economy Is Measured

经济如何被度量

How an Economy Is Measured is Kitalpha Course 3: 6 lessons, about 2.5 hours, free. Every lesson is anchored to a live Kitalpha record (U.S. calendar releases (GDP, CPI, PCE and the employment report), the real-GDP, CPI, unemployment-rate, payrolls and initial-claims series, and the published impact methodology). General educational information only.

What GDP counts and leaves out, how a real figure strips prices from a nominal one, what a consumer-price or jobs release reports and which agency compiles it, why some indicators turn before the wider economy and others after, and what the impact tier on a Kitalpha calendar row measures. Six lessons on live U.S. releases.

By — Founder, Kitalpha Finance · Passed Level I of the CFA Program
Published 17 September 2026
Free about 2.5 hours 6 lessons · 56 min No prerequisites

What you will be able to do

  1. Define gross domestic product and name its expenditure components, reading a live GDP release and the real-GDP series.
  2. Distinguish real from nominal GDP and explain how a price index separates output growth from price growth.
  3. Interpret a consumer-price release, telling headline from core and the CPI from the PCE price index, and name the agency behind each.
  4. Read an employment release, relating payroll employment, the unemployment rate and participation, and explain why two of its figures can rise in the same month.
  5. Classify an indicator as leading, coincident or lagging, using weekly initial jobless claims and the monthly unemployment rate as the contrast.
  6. Locate an indicator on the economic calendar and describe what its impact tier measures — realised Treasury moves on past release days — and what it leaves out.

Audience: Beginners; no prerequisites. Anyone who sees a GDP, inflation or jobs headline, or a release on the economic calendar, and wants to know what was measured, by which agency, over which period, and how the number is read.

Lessons

  1. 01
    GDP: what counts and what is left out

    Concept: GDP as the value of final output · 9 min

  2. 02
    Real versus nominal GDP: separating price change from output change

    Concept: real versus nominal GDP · 10 min

  3. 03
    Inflation releases: the CPI and the PCE price index

    Concept: which inflation gauge a release reports · 10 min

  4. 04
    The labour market: two surveys, three numbers

    Concept: the employment release's two surveys · 9 min

  5. 05
    Leading, coincident and lagging: when an indicator speaks

    Concept: indicator timing · 9 min

  6. 06
    Reading the impact tier: a backward-looking measure, not a verdict

    Concept: the impact tier as a computed statistic · 9 min

Mastery task

The course ends with a transfer task: 6 items on the newest Kitalpha record you have not seen, pass mark 80%. On a fail, the missed items map to their lessons and a review of those lessons is scheduled before a retake. A completion page is issued only on mastery. Go to the mastery task →

Optional: plan your study (once)

Write when, where and how you will study, plus one obstacle and how you will get past it. Stored on this device only.

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